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ajax用json實現數據傳輸
編輯:AJAX基礎知識     

JSON(JavaScript Object Notation) 是一種輕量級的數據交換格式。它基於ECMAScript的一個子集。 JSON采用完全獨立於語言的文本格式,但是也使用了類似於C語言家族的習慣(包括C、C++、C#、Java、JavaScript、Perl、Python等)。這些特性使JSON成為理想的數據交換語言。 易於人閱讀和編寫,同時也易於機器解析和生成(一般用於提升網絡傳輸速率)。

json簡單說就是javascript中的對象和數組,所以這兩種結構就是對象和數組兩種結構,通過這兩種結構可以表示各種復雜的結構。

1、對象:對象在js中表示為“{}”括起來的內容,數據結構為 {key:value,key:value,...}的鍵值對的結構,在面向對象的語言中,key為對象的屬性,value為對應的屬性值,所以很容易理解,取值方法為 對象.key 獲取屬性值,這個屬性值的類型可以是 數字、字符串、數組、對象幾種。

2、數組:數組在js中是中括號“[]”括起來的內容,數據結構為 ["java","javascript","vb",...],取值方式和所有語言中一樣,使用索引獲取,字段值的類型可以是 數字、字符串、數組、對象幾種。

經過對象、數組2種結構就可以組合成復雜的數據結構了。

使用JSON前需要先的導入json.jar包

傳輸單個對象:

新建一個 servlet

package com.itnba.maya.a;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.json.JSONObject;
/**
 * Servlet implementation class C
 */
@WebServlet("/C")
public class C extends HttpServlet {
 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 /**
  * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
  */
 public C() {
  super();
  // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
 }
 /**
  * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
  */
 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
  request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
  response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
  //模擬從數據庫中查處
  Dog a=new Dog();
  a.setName("小黃");
  a.setAge(5);
  a.setZl("哈士奇");
  JSONObject obj=new JSONObject();
  obj.put("name", a.getName());
  obj.put("age", a.getAge());
  obj.put("zl", a.getZl());
  JSONObject bb=new JSONObject();
  bb.put("obj", obj);
  response.getWriter().append(bb.toString());
 }
 /**
  * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
  */
 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  doGet(request, response);
 }
}

效果如下:

jsp頁面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
 pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
 $("#k").click(function(){
  $.ajax({
   url:"C",
   data:{},
   type:"POST",
   dataType:"JSON",
   success:function(httpdata){
    $("#x").append("<li>"+httpdata.obj.name+"</li>");
    $("#x").append("<li>"+httpdata.obj.age+"</li>");
    $("#x").append("<li>"+httpdata.obj.zl+"</li>")
   }
  })
 });
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<span id="k">查看</span>
<h1>
<ul id="x">
</ul></h1>
</body>
</html>

效果如下:

傳輸集合或數組:

servlet:

package com.itnba.maya.a;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONObject;
/**
 * Servlet implementation class D
 */
@WebServlet("/D")
public class D extends HttpServlet {
 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

 /**
  * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
  */
 public D() {
  super();
  // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
 }
 /**
  * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
  */
 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
  request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
  response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
  //模擬從數據庫中查出
  Dog a1=new Dog();
  a1.setName("小黃");
  a1.setAge(5);
  a1.setZl("哈士奇");
  Dog a2=new Dog();
  a2.setName("中黃");
  a2.setAge(6);
  a2.setZl("泰迪");
  Dog a3=new Dog();
  a3.setName("大黃");
  a3.setAge(7);
  a3.setZl("京巴");
  ArrayList<Dog> list=new ArrayList<Dog>();
  list.add(a1);
  list.add(a2);
  list.add(a3);
  JSONArray arr= new JSONArray();
  //遍歷集合
  for(Dog d:list){
   JSONObject obj=new JSONObject();
   obj.put("name", d.getName());
   obj.put("age", d.getAge());
   obj.put("zl", d.getZl());
   arr.put(obj);
  }
  response.getWriter().append(arr.toString());
 }
 /**
  * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
  */
 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  doGet(request, response);
 }
}

效果如下:

jsp頁面:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
 pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
 $("#k").click(function(){
  $.ajax({
   url:"D",
   data:{},
   type:"POST",
   dataType:"JSON",
   success:function(httpdata){
    for(var i=0;i<httpdata.length;i++){
     var n=httpdata[i].name
     var a=httpdata[i].age
     var z=httpdata[i].zl
     var tr="<tr>"
      tr+="<td>"+n+"</td>"
      tr+="<td>"+a+"</td>"
      tr+="<td>"+z+"</td>"
      tr+="</tr>"
      $("#x").append(tr)
    } 
   }
  })
 });
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<span id="k">查看</span>
<h1>
<table width="100%" id="x" border="1px">
</table>
</h1>
</body>
</html>

 效果如下:

 

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